We have a fairly mature grasp of the structure of our first language or languages by the time we start learning to read and write, which has to be done through explicit instruction. Language exists independently of writing; writing is simply a technology and a practice that some societies use and others do not.

A revival (in film and in type) might well both flatten and doggedly carry the latency of its past. In regards to the context of Empire in the time of Ibarra Real’s creation, we are now engaged in a Decolonial discourse, where notions of good/bad, right/wrong, benevolence/profit are being questioned to reveal conditions of sustained—systemic—exploitation.

In June 2014, the clock atop Bolivia’s Congress building in La Paz was reconfigured to run anti-clockwise. The change was described as a symbol of decolonisation for Indigenous Aymara and Quechua peoples, and a logical expression of southernness.